Wednesday, July 2, 2014

...Untold Story of the British Enlightenment

Roy Porter's 
The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment 
Reviewed by D. L. Denham of the Weekly Historian


The British enlightenment was just as relevant and influential as that of the French and the German enlightenments. Often unrealized, here in Roy Porter’s labored work, the English enlightenment is unveiled and stands more successful as the others in that it was less radical. The first half of the work explains that the British enlightenment existed using an extensive analysis of biography. Men and even women such as John Locke, David Hume, and Mary Wollstonecraft play a central role in telling how the enlightenment shaped the upper social classes, which established a new philosophical, scientific, and political framework for the country. While France was more radical, Porter argues that English society was much more subtle due to the absence of absolute monarchy and their already “more conservative” tendencies. England had experienced its radical movements with Charles I, and religious toleration already existed since under William of Orange.
            In the second half of his work, Porter examines the effects of the enlightenment. The position of women was relatively stable and “good” compared to other European countries at the time. Education became more prominent and encouraged throughout England and its domains as a means to better the quality of life of its people, although it wouldn’t become a central focus until the nineteenth century. The eighteenth century was one of revolutions, leading to major changes, which reshaped the modern age. Britain’s American colonies broke away from the mother country on the grounds of wanting better representation and government. The French also broke away from their crown for similar purposes, although less successful in the long run. Both of these major revolutions impacted England’s enlightenment. Some in England wanted the same “revolutionary” changes as seen in the other countries while others in England wanted to continue reshaping British society gradually.
            Roy Porter is a British historian who unfortunately died a year after the publication of his major work The Creation of the Modern World: The Untold story of the British Enlightenment. He was known previous to its publication as an expert in the field of historical studies on medicine. Prior to his death, he was the director of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine at the University College in London.
            Roy Porter takes a “British fleets” worth of facts and skillfully works it into his argument that Britain’s enlightenment is just as important for study, his work is five hundred pages with extensive end notes, as that of the French. This is his bias but it works to his advantage. Porter is a fan boy for his home country and it shows in every defensive commentary and in every analysis of the people, places, events, and times.
            Often tedious and exhausting, the amount of facts included yet briefly mentioned then only replaced with the next set of information does bog the reader down. There are entire sections in his work that could have been developed into separate chapters. But it does work effectively to prompt its reader to search out more information on the score of historical figures mentioned.

            Porter writes effectively and his prose is stunning. His use of primary and secondary sources listed among his Notes is worth a reading in themselves. The entire writing and thinking process can be seen played out in the section. A highly effective piece of history that does exactly what Porter intended: the English enlightenment holds equal weight to intellectual revolutions of the French, German and even America.  

D. L. Denham

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